Normalized information-based divergences

This paper is devoted to the mathematical study of some divergences based on the mutual information well-suited to categorical random vectors. These divergences are generalizations of the "entropy distance" and "information distance". Their main characteristic is that they combine a complexity term and the mutual information. We then introduce the notion of (normalized) information-based divergence, propose several examples and discuss their mathematical properties in particular in some prediction framework.Comment: 36 page

Representing three-dimensional cross fields using 4th order tensors

This paper presents a new way of describing cross fields based on fourth order tensors. We prove that the new formulation is forming a linear space in $\mathbb{R}^9$. The algebraic structure of the tensors and their projections on \mbox{SO}(3) are presented. The relationship of the new formulation with spherical harmonics is exposed. This paper is quite theoretical. Due to pages limitation, few practical aspects related to the computations of cross fields are exposed. Nevetheless, a global smoothing algorithm is briefly presented and computation of cross fields are finally depicted

A Random Difference Equation with Dufresne Variables revisited

The Dufresne laws (laws of product of independent random variables with gamma and beta distributions) occur as stationary distribution of certain Markov chains $X_n$ on $R$ defined by: \begin{equation} X_n = A_n ( X_{n-1} + B_n ) \end{equation} where $X_0 , (A_1,B_1),...,(A_n,B_n)$ are independent and the $(A_i,B_i)'$s are identically distributed. This paper generalizes an explicit example where $A$ is the product of two independent $\beta_{a,1} , \beta_{b,1}$ and $B \sim \gamma_1$ or $\gamma_2$. Keywords: beta, gamma and Dufresne distributions,Markov chains, stationary distributions, hypergeometric differential equations, Poisson process.Comment: 11 pages, 2 tables, 1 figur

Discrete Jordan Curve Theorem: A proof formalized in Coq with hypermaps

This paper presents a formalized proof of a discrete form of the Jordan Curve Theorem. It is based on a hypermap model of planar subdivisions, formal specifications and proofs assisted by the Coq system. Fundamental properties are proven by structural or noetherian induction: Genus Theorem, Euler's Formula, constructive planarity criteria. A notion of ring of faces is inductively defined and a Jordan Curve Theorem is stated and proven for any planar hypermap

Rheological Interpretation of Rayleigh Damping

Damping is defined through various terms such as energy loss per cycle (for cyclic tests), logarithmic decrement (for vibration tests), complex modulus, rise-time or spectrum ratio (for wave propagation analysis), etc. For numerical modeling purposes, another type of damping is frequently used : it is called Rayleigh damping. It is a very convenient way of accounting for damping in numerical models, although the physical or rheological meaning of this approach is not clear. A rheological model is proposed to be related to classical Rayleigh damping : it is a generalized Maxwell model with three parameters. For moderate damping (<25%), this model perfectly coincide with Rayleigh damping approach since internal friction has the same expression in both cases and dispersive phenomena are negligible. This is illustrated by finite element (Rayleigh damping) and analytical (generalized Maxwell model) results in a simple one-dimensional case

Spencer Operator and Applications: From Continuum Mechanics to Mathematical physics

The Spencer operator, introduced by D.C. Spencer fifty years ago, is rarely used in mathematics today and, up to our knowledge, has never been used in engineering applications or mathematical physics. The main purpose of this paper, an extended version of a lecture at the second workshop on Differential Equations by Algebraic Methods (DEAM2, february 9-11, 2011, Linz, Austria) is to prove that the use of the Spencer operator constitutes the common secret of the three following famous books published about at the same time in the beginning of the last century, though they do not seem to have anything in common at first sight as they are successively dealing with elasticity theory, commutative algebra, electromagnetism and general relativity: (C) E. and F. COSSERAT: "Th\'eorie des Corps D\'eformables", Hermann, Paris, 1909. (M) F.S. MACAULAY: "The Algebraic Theory of Modular Systems", Cambridge University Press, 1916. (W) H. WEYL: "Space, Time, Matter", Springer, Berlin, 1918 (1922, 1958; Dover, 1952). Meanwhile, we shall point out the importance of (M) for studying control identifiability and of (C)+(W) for the group theoretical unification of finite elements in engineering sciences, recovering in a purely mathematical way well known field-matter coupling phenomena (piezzoelectricity, photoelasticity, streaming birefringence, viscosity, ...). As a byproduct and though disturbing it could be, we shall prove that these unavoidable new diferential and homological methods contradict the mathematical foundations of both engineering (continuum mechanics,electromagnetism) and mathematical (gauge theory, general relativity) physics.Comment: Though a few of the results presented are proved in the recent references provided, the way they are combined with others and patched together around the three books quoted is new. In view of the importance of the full paper, the present version is only a summary of the definitive version to appear later on. Finally, the reader must not forget that "each formula" appearing in this new general framework has been used explicitly or implicitly in (C), (M) and (W) for a mechanical, mathematical or physical purpos